What are the distinctive external preparations of traditional Chinese medicine? -- Solid preparations

The preparation is the form in which the drug is used in the treatment of disease. In the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine, external use is one of its major characteristics. Common external preparations of traditional Chinese medicine from the ancient first fresh medicinal juice, decoction, powder, and then gradually developed into ointment, lotion, tincture, oil, powder, solution and many other types. Let me introduce you to the solid preparation, as the name implies, that is, the application of solid or semi-solid form of the preparation.

Powder is the traditional Chinese medicine into powder, directly or with a certain liquid conditioning the affected area, its surface area is large, with easy to disperse, easy to absorb, work faster, the dose can be increased or decreased with the disease characteristics, but also can produce a certain mechanical protection. Commonly used include Ruyi Jinhuang Powder (for furuncle, carbuncle, cellulitis, lower limb ulcer, etc.), oral ulcer powder and Xieweisan powder (for sore mouth and tongue), Shengji Powder and Pearl Powder (for various infected wounds), beriberi powder and foot light powder (for tinea pedis), body powder and itching powder (for relieving itching and removing prickly heat), etc.

Lozenges The drug is ground into fine powder, alone or with appropriate paste powder, honey and other excipients mixed into different shapes. When used, grind the juice with water or milk or vinegar or wine and apply it to the body surface. Such as the treatment of malarial summer fever, cholera abdominal pain too B purple gold ingot, the treatment of boils and malignant ulcers toad ingot and so on.

Suppository refers to a solid preparation made of a drug and a suitable base for administration in a cavity with a certain shape, which is called sitting or stuffing in ancient times. In the lumen can play a lubricating, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other local therapeutic effects, but also through the absorption of blood to play sedative, analgesic, excitement, bronchial and vascular expansion and other systemic therapeutic effects, easy to use or unwilling to swallow drugs in patients, its shortcomings are not as convenient as oral, external coating. Such as the treatment of hemorrhoids hemorrhoids suppository, vaginal infection of gynecological daughter suppository.

Ointment refers to a paste-like external preparation of appropriate consistency made of drugs, fine powder of medicinal herbs, extracts of medicinal herbs and a suitable base. More for chronic skin diseases, acute injury of the skin can not use ointment. The drug in the ointment can also produce systemic therapeutic effects through transdermal absorption. Such as Xu Changqing ointment applied to the affected area can be antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, for eczema, urticaria, neurodermatitis; cloud eye ointment point into the eyelid, or applied to the affected area has the effect of clear eyes, detoxification, swelling and pain relief, for the outbreak of fire, red eye swelling and pain.

Black plaster refers to the lead plaster made from medicinal herbs, edible vegetable oil and red pills. Black plaster is generally a dark brown solid, which must be dried and softened before use and pasted on the skin. The main component of the black plaster base is lead salts of higher fatty acids. After being pasted on the surface of the skin, the black plaster can prevent water from evaporating and soften the stratum corneum, which is conducive to the absorption of the drug, is convenient to use, and has a long-lasting effect. It is suitable for chronic localized and infiltrating hypertrophic skin diseases such as neurodermatitis and chronic eczema. Commonly used to have wound wet pain cream, musk bone cream, dog skin cream and so on.

Rubber paste refers to the external dosage form of drug or medicinal extract mixed with rubber-based matrix and coated on the back material. Compared with the traditional black plaster, it has many advantages: ① the ingredients are more stable, the adhesion is strong, and the function is fast; ② it can be directly attached to the affected part without preheating, and there is no incompatibility; ③ it has no damage to the body, does not pollute clothes, and is easy to carry and use. Such as joint pain relief ointment, Shexiang Tiger Bone Ointment, Shangshi Zhitong Ointment, Anyang Refined Ointment, Hongyao Plaster, Compound Qianzheng Ointment, Dieda Analgesic Ointment, etc. However, there are skin allergy problems in rubber ointment at present.

Gel is a drug and can form a gel of excipients made of uniform, suspension or emulsion-type latex thick liquid or semi-solid preparation. Percutaneous absorption enhancers can be added to accelerate and complete absorption of traditional Chinese medicine. Scar antipruritic antibacterial gel for scar antipruritic, compound aloe gel for acne treatment, etc.

Cataplasm, also known as gel paste, is composed of a backing (commonly used non-woven fabric, elastic cloth), a paste, and an anti-mucous membrane (an isolation membrane on the surface of the paste). It is a paste made by mixing medicinal extracts, medicinal herbs or/and chemical drugs with a suitable hydrophilic matrix and coating on the backing material. Moisturizing effect is better, can soften the skin stratum corneum, is conducive to the transdermal absorption of traditional Chinese medicine. Such as the treatment of solid tumors, metastatic tumors and pain caused by the elimination of tumor cataplasm, for joint inflammation, pain, such as rheumatic babu paste.

Acupoint application is to grind the medicine into fine powder, mix it into paste with water, wine, vinegar, egg white, honey, vegetable oil, cooling oil, etc., or make ointment, pill or cake with solidified fat (such as vaseline), or boil the traditional Chinese medicine decoction into paste, or disperse the powder on the plaster, and then directly apply it to the acupoints and affected parts, with meridians and acupoints as carriers and channels, the use of traditional Chinese medicine on the stimulation of acupuncture points, absorption of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to achieve the adjustment of the body and conducive to disease treatment. Such as Sanjiu paste, children cough paste, etc.

The coating agent is made by dissolving the drug in an organic solvent containing a high molecular compound or an alcohol ether solution of fire cotton. When applied to the affected area, the solvent volatilizes to form a film, which has a protective effect on the affected area, and can gradually release the contained drugs through the hydration of the skin, and play a therapeutic or nutritional role. Such as the treatment of acne acne coating agent, acute and chronic sprain contusion of the snow mountain golden Luohan analgesic coating agent.

Drug twist is a kind of external dosage form that uses cotton paper (or mulberry paper), cotton, silk thread, etc. to wrap medicine or dip medicine into a linear twist, also known as drug thread and twist. It is generally used to expel poison, remove rot and generate muscle, and is mostly used in traditional Chinese medicine surgery. For example, it is used for the treatment of osteomyelitis sinus tract to remove pus and rot No. I, the main treatment of scrofula, such as toad venom twist.

Rubbing medicine is a kind of external dosage form in which the fat-rich Chinese medicine nucleolus is pounded into mud, mixed with Chinese medicine powder, wrapped with thin silk, kudzu or gauze or made into cloth bags for medicine, and rubbed on the affected area or acupuncture points. Such as the treatment of bayberry sore plum sore rub medicine.

Fumigation is a kind of external dosage form that compacts traditional Chinese medicine into coarse powder and makes it into a certain shape (medicine roll, medicine cake, medicine fragrance, etc.) or directly uses medicine to ignite it at the end of the medicine to cause smoke in the incomplete combustion process, and uses smoke to treat the affected part. Through the heat radiation effect of the drug, the affected blood vessels are dilated and blood circulation is improved. The volatile components of the drug can be absorbed through the skin and maintain a high concentration locally, and act on the affected area for a long time, which can improve local blood circulation and promote functional recovery. Commonly used in the treatment of rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, periarthritis of shoulder, thromboangiitis obliterans, dysmenorrhea and other diseases. Such as clinical common smoked.